1. Making Taraaweeh and Night Prayer Lengthy:
The companions of the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, used to prolong the Taraaweeh prayer and did not use to recite two or three verses as Muslims do nowadays. It was narrated that As-Saa’ib ibn Yazeed said: ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattaab, may Allaah be pleased with him, ordered Ubayy ibn Ka‘b and Tameem Ad-Daari to lead people in praying eleven Rak‘ahs during Ramadhaan. The reciter used to recite hundreds of verses to the extent that we would have to support ourselves with staves due to the lengthiness of the prayer and would not depart until the first signs of dawn.
They would think that it was short if one recited Soorat Al-Baqarah in twelve Rak‘ahs. It was narrated that ‘Abdur- Rahmaan ibn Hurmuz said: "I heard the companions of the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, cursing the disbelievers in Ramadhaan.” He added: “The reciters would recite Soorat Al-Baqarah in eight Rak‘ahs, and if they recited it in twelve Rak‘ahs people would think that it was short.”
It was narrated that Naafi‘ ibn ‘Umar ibn ‘Abdullaah, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said: I heard Ibn Abi Mulaykah, may Allaah Have mercy upon him, saying, “I used to lead people in prayer during the month of Ramadhaan and read Surat Faatir and the like in one Rak‘ah and no one complained about that.”
It was also narrated that they used to continue praying until it was close to dawn. Maalik narrated that ‘Abdullaah ibn Abi Bakr, may Allaah be pleased with them, said: I heard my father saying, “By the time we finished our night prayers in Ramadhaan, we would rush the servants to prepare the food in fear of Fajr approaching.”
2. Seclusion for Dedicating Oneself to Worship
Naafi‘, the freed slave of Ibn ‘Umar, may Allaah be pleased with him, said: “Ibn ‘Umar used to pray in his house during the month of Ramadhaan. When the people departed from the mosque, he would go off to the mosque of the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, taking a flask of water with him. He would not leave the mosque again until after performing the Morning Prayer.”
‘Abdul ‘Azeez ibn Abi Rawaad said: “I saw them (our righteous predecessors) endeavoring greatly in undertaking righteous deeds and then worrying whether or not those deeds had been accepted.”
3. The Great Striving of Women and Old Men During Ramadhaan:
The companions, may Allaah be pleased with them, were keen on standing in prayer for a long time in spite of their old age. In fact, this matter never hindered them from making lengthy prayer. Sa‘eed ibn ‘Aamir narrated that Asmaa’ ibn ‘Ubayd said: We entered upon Abu Rajaa’ Al-‘Utaaridi, and Sa‘eed said: They believed that he had reached the age of one hundred and thirty years, then he said: They used to come and carry me as if I was a basket and place me at the front to lead people in prayer and I used to recite thirty verses, or I think he said, forty verses every Rak‘ah i.e. in Ramadhaan. Moreover, it was reported that Abu Rajaa’ used to complete the recitation of the entire Quran every ten days in the night prayer in Ramadhaan.
Additionally, women at that time had the same share of long prayer in the month of Ramadhaan. Abu Umayyah Ath-Thaqafi narrated from ‘Arfajah that ‘Ali, may Allaah be pleased with him, used to order people to pray the night prayer in Ramadhaan, and he used to assign an Imaam for men and another Imaam for women. He (i.e. Arfajah) said: “He ordered me to lead the women (in prayer).”
4. Generosity and Openhandedness
It was narrated that Ibn ‘Abbaas, may Allaah be pleased with them, said: “The Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, was the most generous person, and he used to be even more so (generous) in the month of Ramadhaan because Jibreel used to meet him every night in the month of Ramadhaan till it elapsed. The Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, used to recite the Quran for him. When Jibreel met him, he would be more generous than the blowing wind in doing good.” [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]
Ibn Rajab, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said: Ash-Shaafi‘i said it is better for men to be excessively generous during the blessed month of Ramadhaan, following the example of the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. Furthermore, people have a dire need for such charity since many of them are busy with fasting and praying to earn their livelihood in that month.
Ibn ‘Umar, may Allaah be pleased with him, did not have his Iftaar meal except in the company of the needy. If anyone came to him while he was eating and asked for something, he used to take his share of the food and give it to him. When he returned to his family he would find that they had eaten all the remaining food in the bowl and thus he would observe fasting the following morning without having eaten anything the night before.
5. Not Over-Eating
Ibraaheem ibn Abi Ayyoob said: Muhammad ibn ‘Amr Al-Ghazzi used to eat only two meals a day throughout the whole month of Ramadhaan.
Furthermore, Abu Al-‘Abbaas Haashim ibn Al-Qaasim, said: I was visiting Al-Muhtadi one night in the month of Ramadhaan. I stood up to leave; however, he said to me: Sit down. So I did. He led us in prayer and then called for food. Then a tray was brought upon which there were loaves of bread and a pot that had some salt, oil and vinegar and he invited me to eat. I ate like someone who awaits cooked food to be served. So he said: Were you not fasting? I said that I was. Then he said: Eat until you are satisfied for there is no food here other than what you see.
So whoever wants to enjoy the prayer, should not eat too much; for eating little softens the heart, strengthens the ability of understanding, humbles the soul, weakens the desires and controls anger.
Muhammad ibn Waasi‘ said: Whoever eats little will understand and make others understand and will be clear and humble. Overeating weighs a person down and keeps him from much of what he wants [to accomplish].
Salamah ibn Sa‘eed said: A man would be taunted because of overeating in much the same way he would be when he committed a sin.
It was narrated that a man burped in the presence of the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, who said to him: “Keep your burps away from us, for the one who eats his fill the most in this world will be hungry for the longest time on the Day of Resurrection.” [At-Tirmithi]
6. Guarding the Tongue and Talking Little and Avoiding Lying
Abu Hurayrah, may Allaah be pleased with him, narrated that the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, said: “Whoever does not give up false speech and acting upon it, Allaah has no need of his giving up his food and drink.” [Al-Bukhaari]
Al-Muhallab commented on this Hadeeth, saying: This shows that fasting entails refraining from obscene and false speech just like it entails refraining from food and drink. If one does not abstain from false or obscene speech, then he detracts from the reward of his fast, and he exposes himself to the Displeasure of his Lord and to the possibility of his fast not being accepted. [Ibn Abi Shaybah]
‘Umar ibn Al-Khattaab, may Allaah be pleased with him, said: Fasting does not just mean giving up food and drink; it also means giving up lies, falsehood and idle talk. [Ibn Abi Shaybah]
‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib, may Allaah be pleased with him, said: “Fasting does not just mean abstaining from food and drink, rather fasting means abstaining from lying, and idle and obscene speech. [Ibn Abi Shaybah]
Jaabir ibn ‘Abdullaah, may Allaah be pleased with them, said: If you fast, then guard your ears, eyes and tongue against lies and evil deeds; do not abuse your servants; be tranquil and dignified on the day you observe fasting; do not let the day when you do not fast and the day when you fast be the same. [Ibn Abi Shaybah in the book of fasting, chapter of avoiding too much talking and lying for the fasting person 2/422]
‘Ataa’, may Allaah Have mercy upon him, said: I heard Abu Hurayrah, may Allaah be pleased with him, saying. “If you are fasting, do not act in an ignorant manner or insult people, and if someone attacks you, then say, I am fasting.” [‘Abdur-Razzaaq in Al-Musannaf]
Mujaahid, may Allaah Have mercy upon him, said: “Whoever avoids two things, then his fast will be safe: backbiting and telling lies.” [Ibn Abi Shaybah]
7. Striving Hard in Worship During the Last Ten Days
As for the last ten days of the blessed month of Ramadhaan, the companions of the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, used to strive hard in worship following the footsteps of the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah, may Allaah be pleased with her, said: When the last ten days began, the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, would stay up at night, wake his family, exert himself, and tie his Izaar (lower garment) tight.” [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim] And, in another narration reported by Imaam Muslim: “The Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, used to strive hard in worship in the last ten nights as he did not do at other times.”
The greatest aim of doing so many righteous acts is to seek The Night of Al-Qadr. Actually, they used to make special preparations for this night. Some of them used to wash and wear perfume on the night of the twenty-seventh which many scholars believe is The Night of Al-Qadr. So they used to spend it in praying, remembering Allaah The Almighty, reciting Quran, and supplicating Allaah The Almighty to Save them from the punishment of Hellfire.
Ash-Shaafi‘i, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said: It is recommended to do more acts of worship during the last ten nights of Ramadhaan,
Ibn Jareer, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said: Many of the righteous predecessors used to perform Ghusl every night during the last ten days of Ramadhaan. Ayyoob As-Sakhtiyaani, may Allaah have mercy upon him, used to do the same and Imaam Maalik, may Allaah have mercy upon him, used do so for the night in which he believed was The Night of Al-Qadr. So he used to wash himself, wear nice fragrance and dress up in a garment which he did not wear again except in the Ramadhaan of the following year. Other righteous predecessors used to do the same.
So try as much as you can to follow their footsteps so that you may be like them and attain success.

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