The Egyptian people had suffered a great deal of oppression and persecution under the dominance of the Byzantine Empire. Therefore, they gladly welcomed the Muslims. The Egyptians did not like the Romans; therefore, according to historical facts, they welcomed the Muslims and aided them in the conquest. History also shows the Muslims’ justice, mercy and probity towards the Egyptians.

The Muslims guaranteed freedom of belief and allowed the Copts to practice their religion freely. For instance, Binyaameen (Benjamin), the Patriarch of the Coptic Church, had fled from the Romans due to their hatred of his beliefs. He fled for his life, fearing the Roman’s oppression and persecution against him and all other Christians. When ‘Amr ibn Al-‘Aas, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, heard of this, he sent Binyaameen a letter, inviting him to come back under the protection of the Muslims.

The Patriarch of the Coptic Church returned to Egypt, after a long flight, to his position in Alexandria. ‘Amr ibn Al-‘Aas, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, was keen to welcome him warmly; he gave him the freedom to supervise the Egyptian churches. During the mandate of ‘Amr ibn Al-‘Aas, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, Binyaameen re-built the churches that had been demolished by the Persians during their occupation of Egypt.
‘Amr ibn Al-‘Aas, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, sent a force led by ‘Abdullaah ibn Sa‘d ibn Abi Sarh, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, to conquer Upper Egypt, following the orders of the Caliph. ‘Abdullaah ibn Sa‘d was appointed as the governor of the conquered Upper Egypt. Another military campaign led by Khaarijah ibn Huthaafah, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, was sent to Fayoum.

He managed to conquer the city and signed a peace treaty with its people. ‘Amr ibn Al-‘Aas, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, sent a military campaign led by ‘Umayr ibn Wahb Al-Jumahi, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, to conquer Damietta, Tennyis, [Egyptian cities], and the surrounding cities. He signed a peace treaty with their people. Then, the Muslim army headed to the West and conquered Cyrenaica and signed a peace treaty with its people. ‘Amr ibn Al-‘Aas, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, also sent a military expedition that was led by ‘Uqbah ibn Naafi‘, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, to conquer Zuwaylah. He, then, headed to Nubia and conquered it.

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