When ‘Abdul-Azeez ibn Marwaan (65-86 AH / 684-705 AD) was appointed governor of Egypt, he treated the Copts well. When he built the city of Helwan and rendered it as the new capital instead of Al-Fustaat, he transferred the Public Treasury to Helwan. ‘Abdul-Azeez ibn Marwaan appointed a Coptic secretary of the Public Treasury. He also asked the Copts to build their houses in his new city and endeared inhabiting the city to them by asking the Patriarch to build his church there.

In the era of the Governors, the Muslim rulers paid great attention to the Egyptian economy. Shortly after the Islamic conquest, they were keen to boost agriculture in Egypt. They were keen to increase the yields and the crops and to improve the irrigation system; therefore, they set up nilometers to monitor the increase and decrease in the flood of the Nile. Maslamah ibn Makhlad built a nilometer in Ar-Rawdhah island, ‘Abdul-‘Azeez ibn Marwaan built another one in Helwan and Usamah ibn Zayd At-Tanookhi, the official appointed to levy the Kharaaj tax, built a huge nilometer in Ar-Rawdhah in 97 AH, during the reign of Sulaymaan ibn ‘Abdul-Malik (96-99 AH).

‘Abdullaah ibn Taahir, the commander of the Caliph Al-Ma’moon came from Syria to Egypt in the year 211 AH / 825 AD. He restored peace and stability, which Egypt lacked during the strife that took place between Al-Ameen and Al-Ma’moon. This dispute over power reached its peak when the officials in Egypt fought each other to seize the rule of Egypt. When ‘Abdullaah ibn Taahir arrived Egypt, he was able to put an end to the internal strife and control the country.

Then, he headed to Alexandria and laid siege to the Andalusians there, forcing them to evacuate the city on boats that he had prepared for them. They went to the island of Tikrit, which was under the authority of the Byzantines. The Andalusians conquered the island and settled in it in 212 AH / 827 AD, where they founded a prosperous state that lasted for about a century and a third until the Byzantines regained their authority over the island later on.

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