With such Tatarian victories and the death of Jalaal Ad-Deen in the way we have previously mentioned, the entire region ofPersiafell into the hands of the Tatars except a narrow strip in the west which the Shiite Ismailis controlled.

It seemed appropriate to Chormagan to settle in this region and stop advancing until he had fortified his forces, got acquainted with the surrounding areas, and taken all measures that would support the Tatarian authority in those territories.

He did that in the period between 629-634 A.H. / 1231-1236 A.D., i.e. throughout five years, during which there was no Muslim revolution against him, nor did a single army move to fight him, although the Muslim armies were filling the areas surrounding Persia and Azerbaijan, i.e. in Iraq, Al-Mawsil, Hijaaz, Egypt, and so on.

After five years that he spent (to establish himself in power) in both territories ofAzerbaijanandPersia, in 634 A.H. / 1236 A.D., Chormagan went around theCaspian Seafrom the west to head north to continue his invasions. He quickly controlledArmenia,Georgia(theChristianKurgKingdom),ChechnyaandDagestan. In the same year, another Tatarian army under the leadership of Pato Jochi started a new round of invasions in another direction; they went north of the Caspian Sea and suppressed the Turkish tribes around theVolgaRiver Basin. From there, in 635 A.H. 1237 A.D., the Tatars advanced towards the vast Russian territories. The horrible Tatarian army launched a wave of atrocious massacres against the people of Christian Russia. Between 635 and 636 A.H. / 1237-1238 A.D., the Tatarian army occupied all Russian cities, one after the other, beginning from Ryazan, then Kolomna, a few days later, then the huge city of Vladimir, after six days of resistance, in which there was a horrifying massacre, the city of Suzdal was occupied. Then the Tatarian army rushed towards the largest Russian city ofMoscowwhich was overrun and entirely ruined. Then, they occupied the cities of Yuryev, Golitsyno, Pereslavl,Rostov,Yaroslavl, and Torzhok. In this way, the Tatars occupied all ofRussia, even though it was as vast as seventeen million sq. m, and having a huge number of people and harsh weather; it took only two years (635-636 A.H. / 1237-1238 A.D.).

In the year 638 A.H. / 1240 A.D., and under the leadership of Pato Jochi, the Tatarian army moved westward and occupiedUkraine, 600,000 sq. m and overran the capitolKiev, destroying its great treasures and killing most of its residents.

In 639 A.H. / 1241 A.D., a division from the Tatarian army under the leadership of Baidar advanced north-west ofUkraineand attacked thekingdomofPoland, and ruined many Polish cities. The Polish king had no way but to seek the aid of his neighbors German horsemen asGermanylies to the west ofPoland. The German ruler, Henry, Duke of the German Silesia, came, and with the Polish king, formed one army to face the Tatars, but, they were bitterly defeated at the hands of the Tatarian army led by Baidar, andPolandwas occupied and controlled by the Tatars.

In the same year, 639 A.H. / 1241 A.D., the Tatarian leader, Pato, who was camping in the Ukraine, left a Tatarian division there and moved with the main army westward to Hungary where he met with the Hungarian king in a ferocious battle, and the whole army of Hungary was ruined and the country was occupied.

On his way fromPolandsouthward to meet the other Tatarian army led by Pato inHungary, Baidar invadedSlovakiaand joined it to the Tatarian state. Then, the Tatarian armies advanced to invadeCroatia. The Tatarian forces thus arrived at the coast of the Adriatic Sea, separatingCroatiaandItaly. This means that the Tatars managed to occupy nearly half of Europe, and they could have gone even farther, given that the borders of the Tatarian state  came near Germany, Italy and Austria, except that their Khagan, Ogedei, died that year, 639 A.H. / 1241 A.D. So Pato Jochi left, appointing one of his commanders as his successor to be in charge of the conquered territories, as he had to go back toKarakorum, the Mongolian capital, to participate in electing a new Tatarian Khagan.

To Continue .................

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