The First Tatar Attack

In order to remove the Abbasid Caliphate in Iraq, Genghis Khan thought it better to center himself first in the region of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, since the distance between China and Iraq was too far, and fixed supplies bases for Tatarian armies were required midway, not to mention the great economic and agricultural resources of that region of the Caucasus, which was one of the famous areas of Islam, recognized for its huge treasures and abundant wealth. Furthermore, tactically, it was not fitting for him to engage in fighting with Iraq, while giving his back to Muslim peoples who could fight him or at least cut off the supply lines.

This is why Genghis Khan thought to first fight the Eastern part of the Islamic territories, known at that time as the Khwarezmian (Khwarezmid) state, including such important Islamic countries as Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and parts of Iran. The capital of this vast state was Urgench, currently in Turkmenistan.

There was a semi-agreement of neighborhood between Genghis Khan and Muhammad ibn Khwarezm Shah, the king of the Khwarezmian state. However, Genghis Khan was not one of those who cared about treaties, or respected agreements. He was forced to conclude that agreement with the Khwarezmian king in order to ensure the safety of his back until he could fix himself securely in East Asia. When he had settled himself in China (Mongolia), it was time to expand Westward on account of the possessions of the Islamic state.

In order to do so, there was nothing to prevent him from breaking treaties and revoking previously made agreements. That is the way of the people of falsehood as confirmed by Allaah in His saying (what means): {is it not [true] that every time they took a covenant a party of them threw it away? But, [in fact], most of them do not believe.} [Quran 2:100]

Nonetheless, a reason was required to convince both parties of war, and claim that the previous agreements were no longer effective. Genghis Khan looked for such a suitable reason, but failed.
Then something happened unexpectedly, which could be used as a satisfactory cause for war. It is true that it took place earlier than the plan of Genghis Khan, but it was suitable to be best utilized, and there was nothing to prevent him from making changes in the order of the steps of the war plan.

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