The Caliph was still living, and he was watching all this. That was indeed a severe punishment. Could you imagine how the Caliph was, while watching those incidents? Could you imagine the state of the Caliph, son of caliphs, the great man, son of the great men, while standing tied and handcuffed, and watching those tragedies?

Two of his sons were killed; and his third son was taken captive. His three sisters were captured. Most of his ministers were killed. All the scholars of his state, all Khutbah preachers and those who had memorized the Quran in his city were killed. He discovered the betrayal of the closest person to him, i.e. his vizier, Mu’ayyid Ad-Deen Al-‘Alqami, the Shiite. His army was entirely ruined. His property, treasures and collectables were plundered. His city was desecrated, and hundreds of thousands of his people were killed in his sight. The great capital of his state was burnt, and its magnificent buildings were ruined. The Tatars, with their ugly gloomy disbelieving faces spread everywhere in Baghdad, like locusts that covered a green piece of land, and left it an arid level plain.
Shackles were put on his neck, hands and feet, and he was driven like a camel.

The Caliph watched all of this. Imagine the extent of pain and grief he had in his heart. Undoubtedly, he said many times: "Oh, I wish I had died before this and was in oblivion, forgotten!" assuredly, he was regretful, saying: "My wealth has not availed me. Gone from me is my authority."
The tape of his life came upon his mind within a few moments. Assuredly, he reconsidered his conduct, while saying: "My Lord, send me back, that I might do righteousness in that which I left behind. Would that I mobilized, prepared and strengthened the armies!

Would that I motivated the Ummah to go forth for Jihaad, at a time it was surrounded by the enemies of religion from all sides! Would that I overvalued Islam in the sights and hearts of people, so that Islam would become dearer to them than their property and lives! Would that I had abandoned amusement, playfulness, parties and triflings! Would that I did not live only to collect wealth! Would that I did not multiply my slave-girls! Would that I did not listen to musical instruments! Would that I chose the retinue of good! Would that I dignified the scholars and discarded the pedants! Would that I did so-and-so, and did not do so-and-so!"

But the heavy fetters in which his neck, hands and feet were chained soon brought him down to earth to know that by no means could the time return.
It was narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Umar, May Allaah be pleased with him, that he said that the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, said: “When you deal with each other on the basis of Bay‘ Al-‘Eenah (pay-back sale) (a kind of usury); and (when you) lag behind the tails of cows (i.e. work in grazing cattle), and devote yourselves to agriculture (i.e. accept the worldly jobs at the time of Jihaad), and do not take part in Jihaad, Allaah Will Put you to humiliation so as to deprive you of that, until you return to your faith.” [Abu Daawood and Ahmad]

The people of Baghdad worked in trade, agriculture, writing, manufacturing, teaching and learning, and abandoned Jihaad in the Cause of Allaah. The consequence was such humiliation as we have seen.
Those are very valuable lessons to be learnt by every Muslim, be he ruler or subject, scholar or student, old or young, male or female:
The right should be protected by force.
Rights should not be begged in so much as taken by force, for the sake of which all things should be sacrificed.
No people abandoned Jihaad but that they were put to humiliation.
The enemies of this (Muslim) Ummah do not respect their treaties.

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