Islam's view to the universe

Before delving deep into the concern and care of Islam for the universe and its resources, I would like to shed the light on the theoretical basis represented in the Islamic view for the universe. Through the following paragraphs, I will discuss the Islamic view on the universe in general, how the Muslim holds the universe and its components, and the basics and rules that organize and regulate the Muslim-Universe Relation.

This will be concluded through the two following points:

-          Environment in the conscience of the Muslim

-          The relationship between the Muslim and the surrounding Environment

Environment in the conscience of the Muslim:

The Muslim derives from the Qur`an and Sunnah the basic guides that inform him about himself, surroundings, his mission on this earth, and his condition after death. The Muslim, out of his faith, is required to believe in the whole Qur`an and the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, and to derive the guidelines from them both to act accordingly in his daily life.

When tracing the way adopted by the Qur`anic verses and the Sunnah of the Prophet on informing the Muslim by the nature and the surrounding universe, including water, air, plants, animals, and solids, we will find that the Muslim intellect holds the surrounding universe in the following aspects:

First: Creation of Allah

This spacious and marvelous universe is created by Allah the Almighty, and the One who created man himself. In this regard, Allah says: (He created the heavens and earth in truth. High is He above what they associate with Him. He created man from a sperm-drop; then at once, he is a clear adversary. And the grazing livestock He has created for you; in them is warmth and [numerous] benefits, and from them you eat.) An-Nahl, 3-5. All what is in the heavens and earth and in between, rather what beneath the earth fall under Allah's dominion alone, Allah says: (To Him belongs what is in the heavens and what is on the earth and what is between them and what is under the soil.) Taha, 6.

As a result of that, the Muslim approaches the nature in form of acquaintance and friendship, not fear and enmity. This is because the power of man and nature is brought out by the will of Allah which regulates them, thus the two powers are harmonious in movement and direction.

The creed of the Muslim implies that Allah has created all these powers in the universe to be his friend, and to help him, and that the Muslim should contemplate on these powers to exploit its friendship, namely advantages. He should cooperate with these powers and be acquainted with them to heed to the Lord Allah's satisfaction[1].

Besides the fact that this spacious universe is brought out by Allah and shares man in the origin of creation, it shares the Muslim in worshipping Allah, that all things in the heavens and the earth are subjected to Allah and obey Him (SWT), as mentioned in the Qur`anic verse: (Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, "Come [into being], willingly or by compulsion." They said, "We have come willingly.) Fussilat, 11. All quarters, parts and creatures worship Allah (Do you not see that to Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth and the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the moving creatures and many of the people? But upon many the punishment has been justified. And he whom Allah humiliates - for him there is no bestower of honor. Indeed, Allah does what He wills.) Al-Haj-18. The high heavens and splendid earth and all creatures in between exalt Allah Almighty (The seven heavens and the earth and whatever is in them exalt Him. And there is not a thing except that it exalts [ Allah ] by His praise, but you do not understand their [way of] exalting. Indeed, He is ever-Forbearing and Forgiving.) Al-Israa, 44.

In this way, the whole universe becomes a close friend for the Muslim that they both deeds to Allah's satisfaction through subjugation and obedience to the Most High Allah.

Second: Communities like you

The Muslim holds the surrounding creatures as other communities like humans, namely animals on ground, and birds in the sky are other communities very similar to the human communities, Allah says: (And there is no creature on [or within] the earth or bird that flies with its wings except [that they are] communities like you. We have not neglected in the Register a thing. Then unto their Lord they will be gathered.), Al-An`am, 38.

Ibn Al-Qayyem[2] is quoted: (the verse implies that humans these creatures are communities  like us concerning creation, provision, eating, and the first creation that is there were not created for no purpose, rather they are subjugated and naturally disposed for worshipping Allah, and that their creation, provision, end, and final conditions are predestined[3].)

Al-Qurtubi[1] , in his Tafsir, is quoted: (they are communities like you, as for Allah has created them, and guaranteed their provisions and He (SWT) approached them justly, so you should not wrong them or exceed the prescribed limits by Allah when approaching them[2]).

The most valuable thing in Islam concerning the relationship of man with the nature and the universe in general is the affection and love relation between man and the universe, be solids or creatures. Creatures, animals or birds are held as communities by man[3])

Third: Indeed, all things Allah has created with predestination

This universe and what it contains of marvelous and numerous creatures is a decisive proof for the mighty of Allah who has created uniquely. This proof was a challenge used by Allah against the atheists and polytheists, where Allah Almighty says: (This is the creation of Allah. So show Me what those other than Him have created. Rather, the wrongdoers are in clear error.) luqman, 11

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