He was one of the most prominent Spanish critics and scholars. Born in Kantagalo, Brazil, he was one of the most famous disciples of the learned scholar, Mandith Bidal More

She was a prominent Italian researcher and one of the pioneers of Arabic and Islamic studies in Italy. She was an honorary professor at the Naples Eastern Institute More

He was the senior professor of Arabic language and literature in Rome University, prominent in studying Arabic poetry and revising texts of Islamic history and making comparisons between Christianity and Islam More

He was an Italian Orientalist born in Tunisia and studied in Rome and earned a Ph.D. in Law. He was invited by the French Public Resident in Tunisia to study and write down Tunisian laws More

“Then Jesus said: "With your words I am not consoled because where you hope for light darkness shall come; More

François-Marie Arouet de Voltaire (21-11-1694 – 30-05-1778), better known by his pen name, Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit and advocacy of civil liberties, More

He was one of the most renowned French Orientalists in the 20th century. He was a member of the Arabic Scientific Academy of Damascus More

He was a famous contemporary French Orientalist, born in a simple family to a Russian father and a Polish mother and remained an errant boy for some time More

Conte Henry de La Croix Castries was a Christian French writer. He was a lieutenant in the French Army in Algeria and spent a long time in North Africa More

He is a contemporary French thinker and lawyer who gave much care to international relations and human rights and wrote much research in the conferences and periodicals concerned with these issues More

It is narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullâh ibn ‘Abbâs [may Allâh be pleased with them] that he said: Abu Sufyân ibn Harb informed me that Heraclius had sent a messenger to him while he had been accompanying a caravan from the Quraysh More

As a result of the emergence of the post of ministry since the first day of the Abbasid dynasty, many books talked about this issue, More